> restart:#"m17_p15"

Una pequeña turbina de gas industrial, de 1 MW, consume gas natural y tiene un 28% de rendimiento energético global, dando un chorro de salida de 5,5 kg/s a 515 °C. Se pide:

a) Consumo de combustible.

b) Relación aire/combustible y riqueza.

c) Temperatura de combustión adiabática.

d) Temperatura de salida del compresor.

e) Rendimiento del compresor, sabiendo que comprime de 100 kPa a 300 kPa.

> read`../therm_chem.m`:with(therm_chem):with(therm_proc):

> su1:="Aire":su2:="CH4":dat:=[Wdot=1e6*W_,mdot=5.5*kg_/s_,eta[e]=0.28,T4=(515+273)*K_,pi[12]=3];

Typesetting:-mprintslash([dat := [Wdot = `+`(`*`(0.1e7, `*`(W_))), mdot = `+`(`/`(`*`(5.5, `*`(kg_)), `*`(s_))), eta[e] = .28, T4 = `+`(`*`(788, `*`(K_))), pi[12] = 3]], [[Wdot = `+`(`*`(0.1e7, `*`(W_...

Image

Ecs. de balance y const.:

> eqBE:=eq5_43;Adat:=get_gas_data(su1):dat:=op(dat),Adat,Const,SI2,SI1:GNdat:=get_gas_data(su2):

Typesetting:-mprintslash([eqBE := Dh[t] = `+`(w, q)], [Dh[t] = `+`(w, q)])

a) Consumo de combustible.

> Qdot:=Wdot/eta[e];Qdot_:=subs(dat,Qdot):'Qdot'=evalf(%/(1e6*W_/MW_),3);PCI_:=PCI(CH4+2*O2=CO2+2*H2O):PCI[CH4]=evalf(%,3);PCIm_:=subs(GNdat,rhs(%)/M):'PCI[CH4]'=evalf(%/(1e6*J_/MJ_),3);m[CH4]:='Q/PCI[CH4]';m[CH4_]:=subs(dat,Qdot_/PCIm_):'m[CH4]'=evalf(%,2);

Typesetting:-mprintslash([Qdot := `/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(eta[e]))], [`/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(eta[e]))])
Qdot = `+`(`*`(3.57, `*`(MW_)))
PCI[CH4] = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(J_)), `*`(mol_)))
PCI[CH4] = `+`(`/`(`*`(50.1, `*`(MJ_)), `*`(kg_)))
Typesetting:-mprintslash([m[CH4] := `/`(`*`(Q), `*`(PCI[CH4]))], [`/`(`*`(Q), `*`(PCI[CH4]))])
m[CH4] = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.71e-1, `*`(kg_)), `*`(s_)))

b) Relación aire/combustible y riqueza.

> A='mdot*M[CH4]/m[CH4]/M[aire]';A_:=subs(dat,mdot*.016/m[CH4_]/.029):'A'=evalf(%,2);eqA0:=Ateo(su2):evalf(%,2);phi=A[0]/A;phi_:=rhs(eqA0)/A_:'phi'=evalf(%,2);lambda=1/phi;lambda=evalf(1/phi_,2);

A = `/`(`*`(mdot, `*`(M[CH4])), `*`(m[CH4], `*`(M[aire])))
A = 43.
A[0] = 9.5
phi = `/`(`*`(A[0]), `*`(A))
phi = .22
lambda = `/`(1, `*`(phi))
lambda = 4.5

c) Temperatura de combustión adiabática.

Suponiendo que se parte de las condiciones estándar (25 ºC):

> eqMIX_:=eqMIX(a*CH4+a*A*(c21*O2+c79*N2)=[2,3,4,5]);sol1_:=solve(subs(A=A_,dat,{eqNX,eqBC,eqBH,eqBO,eqBN}),{a,x[O2],x[N2],x[CO2],x[H2O]}):evalf(%,2);eq15_7_2;eqTa_:=subs(cpComp,sol1_,Adat,dat,eqTa):evalf(%,3);Ta_T25_:=subs(eqTa_,dat,Ta-T25):'Ta-T25'=evalf(%,3);Ta:='T25+Qdot/(mdot*c[p])';Ta_:=subs(Qdot=Qdot_,dat,%):'Ta'=evalf(%,3);Ta_T25_:=subs(dat,Ta_-T25):'Ta-T25'=evalf(%,3);

c79, `not in`, [CuHvOwNxSy, O2, N2, CO2, H2O, H2O, CO, H2, OH, CH4, NO, NO2, N2O, N2O4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C, H, O, N, S, SO2, CH4O, CH4O, C2H6O, C2H6O, C3H8, C4H10, C6H6, C6H12O6, C8H18, C10H22, C12H2...
c79, `not in`, [CuHvOwNxSy, O2, N2, CO2, H2O, H2O, CO, H2, OH, CH4, NO, NO2, N2O, N2O4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C, H, O, N, S, SO2, CH4O, CH4O, C2H6O, C2H6O, C3H8, C4H10, C6H6, C6H12O6, C8H18, C10H22, C12H2...
c79, `not in`, [CuHvOwNxSy, O2, N2, CO2, H2O, H2O, CO, H2, OH, CH4, NO, NO2, N2O, N2O4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C, H, O, N, S, SO2, CH4O, CH4O, C2H6O, C2H6O, C3H8, C4H10, C6H6, C6H12O6, C8H18, C10H22, C12H2...
Error, (in SumTools:-DefiniteSum:-ClosedForm) summand is singular in the interval of summation
Ta = `+`(T25, `/`(`*`(a, `*`(PCI)), `*`(Sum(`*`(x[Com[i]], `*`(c[p, i])), i = 1 .. CP))))
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
Ta = `+`(`*`(298., `*`(K_)), `/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`/`(`*`(0.802e6, `*`(a, `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2), `*`(mol_, `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(111., `*`(delta_[27], `*`(x[C2H6O], `*`(kg_, `*`(`^`(m_, 2)))))), `*`(`^`(s_, 2),...
Typesetting:-mprintslash([Ta := `+`(T25, `/`(`*`(Qdot), `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p]))))], [`+`(T25, `/`(`*`(Qdot), `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p]))))])
Ta = `+`(`*`(945., `*`(K_)))
`+`(Ta, `-`(T25)) = `+`(`*`(647., `*`(K_)))

Nótese la gran diferencia que hay entre calcular la Ta con valores de c[p] a alta temperatura y composición de productos, a calcular la Ta con valores de c[p] del aire a temperatura ambiente.

d) Temperatura de salida del compresor.

> eqW:=Wdot=mdot*c[p]*(T4-T3-T2+T1);T3_T2:=T4-T0+Wdot/(mdot*c[p]);T3_T2_W:=subs(dat,%):'T3-T2'=evalf(%,3);eqQ:=Qdot=ma*c[p]*(T3-T2);T3_T2:=Qdot/(mdot*c[p]);T3_T2_Q:=subs(dat,%):'T3-T2'=evalf(%,3);

Typesetting:-mprintslash([eqW := Wdot = `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p], `*`(`+`(T4, `-`(T3), `-`(T2), T1))))], [Wdot = `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p], `*`(`+`(T4, `-`(T3), `-`(T2), T1))))])
Typesetting:-mprintslash([T3_T2 := `+`(T4, `-`(T0), `/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p]))))], [`+`(T4, `-`(T0), `/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p]))))])
`+`(T3, `-`(T2)) = `+`(`*`(681., `*`(K_)))
Typesetting:-mprintslash([eqQ := `/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(eta[e])) = `*`(ma, `*`(c[p], `*`(`+`(T3, `-`(T2)))))], [`/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(eta[e])) = `*`(ma, `*`(c[p], `*`(`+`(T3, `-`(T2)))))])
Typesetting:-mprintslash([T3_T2 := `/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(eta[e], `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p]))))], [`/`(`*`(Wdot), `*`(eta[e], `*`(mdot, `*`(c[p]))))])
`+`(T3, `-`(T2)) = `+`(`*`(647., `*`(K_)))

Con los datos dados, sólo se puede determinar T3-T2. Nótese que los datos son redundantes, pero congruentes, i.e. dentro de la incertidumbre indicada).

Si suponemos un rendimiento de turbina y determinamos T3, podremos deducir T2.

> etat_:=0.95:eta[t]=etat_;eqetat:=eta[t]=(1-T4/T3)/(1-1/pi[12]^((gamma-1)/gamma));T3_:=evalf(subs(eta[t]=etat_,dat,solve(%,T3))):'T3'=evalf(%,3);T2_:=T3_-T3_T2_Q:'T2'=evalf(%,3);

eta[t] = .95
Typesetting:-mprintslash([eqetat := eta[t] = `/`(`*`(`+`(1, `-`(`/`(`*`(T4), `*`(T3))))), `*`(`+`(1, `-`(`/`(1, `*`(`^`(pi[12], `/`(`*`(`+`(gamma, `-`(1))), `*`(gamma)))))))))], [eta[t] = `/`(`*`(`+`(...
T3 = `+`(`*`(0.106e4, `*`(K_)))
T2 = `+`(`*`(412., `*`(K_)))

e) Rendimiento del compresor, sabiendo que comprime de 1 a 3 bar.

> eqetac:=eta[c]=(pi[12]^((gamma-1)/gamma)-1)/(T2/T1-1);eqetac_:=subs(T2=T2_,T1=T0,dat,eqetac):evalf(%,2);#,

Typesetting:-mprintslash([eqetac := eta[c] = `/`(`*`(`+`(`^`(pi[12], `/`(`*`(`+`(gamma, `-`(1))), `*`(gamma))), `-`(1))), `*`(`+`(`/`(`*`(T2), `*`(T1)), `-`(1))))], [eta[c] = `/`(`*`(`+`(`^`(pi[12], `...
eta[c] = .86

>